Haiti: Independent since 1804, but for how long under foreign influence?

Since its independence, proclaimed on January 1, 1804, Haiti has been engaged in a continuous struggle to preserve its sovereignty. Yet, more than two centuries after its birth, the first independent black republic continues to suffer the pressures and influences of foreign powers. From the ransom imposed by France in 1825 to the American occupation from 1915 to 1934, Haitian history is marked by numerous forms of external dominance.

After the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986, many hoped for the emergence of a truly sovereign